One of the best ways to get started gardening in a small space is to use containers to plant your garden.
Cucumbers can be trained to grow up on a trellis making them a great option for planting in containers.
Many gardeners even use large containers like trash cans for growing potatoes though you can do just as well with a smaller and easier to manage container like a potato grow bag.
Spinach and other greens grows well in containers and love cool temps. You can start your spinach in your container indoors before the last frost.